Municipal Budgtes Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Municipal Budgtes - Speech or initiation ExampleMain types are line gunpoint and program cyphers (NACSLB 37). Thus, neither budgeting method is perfect as each serves a different purpose such as performance maximization or object glass activity alignment. A perfect budget should satisfy twelve principles. As indicated in the definition of the budget process, these principles are creation of goals based on stakeholder analysis, their implementation, including efficiency analysis and adjustments (NACSLB, 1999, p.5). The starting type is line item budget. This approach arose at the beginning of the 20th century (Tyer & Willand). It lists categories of expenses, such as personnel, operating and capital expenses (Tyer & Willand). incremental approach belongs to this type as well. In this approach, previous course of studys budget is adjusted for legislative changes, price, wage inflation and any former(a) change that might take place in the rude(a) fiscal year (Northern Ireland Assembly 5). Since changes take place on a marginal basis in comparison to the last years levels, the base, this method is called incremental budgeting (Northern Ireland Assembly 5). This method saves time and resources. ... incremental budgeting method is based on negotiations and compromise (Northern Ireland Assembly 5). Wages and allocations of resources are negotiated, and oftentimes based on political decisions. As a result, this type of budgeting is efficient only if the political system is stable and ingenuous (Northern Ireland Assembly 5). Otherwise, the budget will favor few at the expense of the majority. Moreover, this method has several disadvantages. The first disadvantage is the fact that this method is backward looking since it is based on a previous years budget. As a result, it does not make adjustments for unexpected changes. Moreover, performance is hard to evaluate in this method, as it is based on compromise rather than standards such as cost minimization. Thus , data ply to be outdated, inconsistent with new priorities and say nothing about efficiency (OConnor 2). Though still use even in some fire departments, such as the Muscatine Fire Department, efficiency measuring stick capabilities of other methods make it an unattractive option (OConnor 2). In response to line item budget disadvantages, performance budgets were realised in the 1950s (Tyer & Willand). Such budgets emphasize activities, rather than items paid, and focus on connecting performance with allocation of resources (Tyer & Willand). As a result, each such budget must contain information on inputs, output, productivity or efficiency, and level of objective implementation, e.g. number of miles to be swept during the fiscal year (Morgan 6). Before budget design, objectives and measurement tools must be set up to evaluate each proposed activity. After