Introduction to Criminal Justice Free Essay Example, 1500 words

In the case, Ulster v. Allen, 442 U. S. 140, 1979, presumptions as evidence was used where the defendants refused to the introduction of the guns into evidence since there was not enough proof to connect them with the guns. The trial court canceled the protest, relying on the presumption of custody created by a New York law providing that the existence of a weapon in a vehicle is presumptive confirmation of its unlawful ownership by all people then occupying the automobile, except when inter alia, the weapon is set up upon the individual of one of the occupants (Samaha, 20111). To find guilty a criminal defendant, the prosecutor must confirm the defendant guilty beyond a rational uncertainty thus presumptions should be allowed. As part of this procedure, the defendant is given a chance to present a justification (Ingram, 2011). There are several types of defenses, from I did it but it was self-defense or was under the influence of illicit stuff to know what I was doing and I did not do it. Some of the defenses that criminal raise include, the defendant did not do which is the most common where they try to avoid punishment by claiming the crime at hand was not committed by them and they have no idea who did (Ingram, 2011) it. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Criminal Justice or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Others even go to the lengths of saying they were not near the perimeter of the crime. The defense for I did it but with a good reason is another type of defense where the offender tries to avoid punishment even though there is sufficient evidence that they did the crime in question. Self-defense is a defense normally asserted by people charged with the offense of aggression, such as striking someone, physical attack with a harmful weapon, or slaughter (Ingram, 2011). The defendant admits that they, in fact, committed the offense, but claims that it was acceptable by the other person's intimidating actions. The insanity justification is based on the opinion that penalty is justified only if the defendant is competent enough to control their behavior and understanding that what they have done is harmful to others (Ingram, 2011).

The Health Of A Public Health Worker - 980 Words

Growing up I had witnessed many people that were not able to have access to health care. I have seen many children who had physical disabilities that could have been prevented. In some cities in my homeland, people used and still walk for days to get basic medical treatments because there is no clinics or hospitals in their town or the surrounding cities. Many people used to die to diseases that could have been prevented with single vaccine. Therefore, since I was young child I always wanted to help people to have access to health care especially young children, and that’s was the reason why I chose to become a public health worker. The public health workers ultimate responsibility is to promote, maintain, and improve the health of individual, family, and community. as any other profession public health workers have principles of ethics that they need to follow. Public health should address the causes of diseases to and requirements for health, aiming to prevent adverse health outcomes. When they are developing policies, and programs it needs to be evaluated through processes that will ensure that the community members will have opportunity of input. When achieving community health they must do it in way that respects the community members. Is the public health responsibility to advocate for, or work for the empowerment of, disenfranchised community members ensuring that the basic resources and conditions necessary for health are accessible to all people in the community.Show MoreRelatedImproving The Effectiveness Of Public Health Workers Response1357 Words   |  6 PagesAlarming Emergency: Improving the Effectiveness of Public Health Workers Response Humanitarian emergencies affect millions of people annually and they can be in the form of either conflicts or disasters. Since 1990, natural disasters have affected more than 217 million people annually and about 300 million people live in the midst of violence and unsecure environment (Leaning Guha-Sapir, 2013). In mission cases for countries that are experiencing conflict, refugees and internally displaced individualsRead MoreRecommendations. The Skills Of An Aging Workforce Can Be1011 Words   |  5 Pagesskills of an aging workforce can be useful if a policy is implemented so that a select group of especially skilled senior or retired workers is assigned to train employees for leadership positions. This training will provide the right skills that younger employees lack and develop positive working relations with senior staff in the organization. As a result, older workers will not feel compelled to retire early or leave their jobs because of poor working relationships or uns atisfactory working conditionsRead MoreSummary . The Public Health Workforce Consists Of A Large1312 Words   |  6 PagesSummary The public health workforce consists of a large number of professionals who provide significant contributions to the public health sector. The majority of public health workers consists of nurses, whereas the other percentage of workers are made up of various professions such as social workers, allied health professionals, physicians, and pharmacists. Structures such as the Triple Aim help to improve the quality of services and patient care. Additionally, the ACA has made health care accessibleRead MoreBasic Internet Connection And Its Impact On Health1105 Words   |  5 Pagesinstant access to health information. HSMs have further gained traction due to changes in how the healthcare system is structured and viewed. 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Employee Satisfaction1643 Words   |  7 PagesA Public Administration Quandary: Health Care Costs vs. Employee Satisfaction An unofficial duty of a public administrator may involve performing an extensive amount of damage control. The public sector can be a highly volatile environment in which unforeseen events such as budget cuts and the dismissal of a well-liked and respected employee can rapidly deteriorate the state of an organization. Moreover, public administrators are often placed in a compromising position. An organization cannot beRead MoreWas the Impact on Public Health the Worst Effect of the Industrial Revolution in 1750-1900?1329 Words   |  6 PagesWas the impact on public health the worst effect of the industrial revolution in 1750 to 1900? In 1750 our country, Great Britain, began its industrial revolution. The country was changed forever. 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Healthcare workers have updated standards and practices for care today, and electronic health records (EHR) are one of these updates. EHR’s are an electronic version of a patient’s medical history. Since EHR have been implemented, it has saved patient’s lives, but also caused casualties. The question is are EHR’s helping to improve care? In this paper, the benefits of EHR’s are discussed in how they’ve improved patient-centered care and promoted health care. Improve the quality,Read MoreFactors Affecting The Field Of Human Resources For Health Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pagesresources for health (HRH). Northern Kenya is the most affected area and thus it has the lowest rates of health professionals. Insufficient and uneven distribution of health workers is one of many major causes of the crisis, especially in rural areas. Also, high migration rates, poor working environment, low wages, and gender distribution are major factors for HRH crisis in Kenya. 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Role Of Multiple Sclerosis Nurse Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Within this assignment the followers will be covered, a description of multiple induration along with the assorted diagnosed types. The statistics of multiple induration will be given, every bit good as who are most at hazard. The many functions the multiple induration nurse specializer provides including, back uping those freshly diagnosed to accept they have multiple induration, managing symptoms, advice on life style and working life, instruction and instruction. We will write a custom essay sample on Role Of Multiple Sclerosis Nurse Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The nurse specializer ‘s function in disease modifying therapy will be discussed, with treatment given to concordance with prescribed medicines. Evidence will be given to back up why the multiple induration nurse specializer is required and the importance of the function in footings of diagnosing, probes and intervention. The principle behind this chosen subject is to place if the multiple induration nurse specializer improves attention for patients with multiple induration ( Forbes et al 2006 ) . Besides does the multiple induration nurse specializer adjutant in advancing harmony with medicine and intervention programs ( Shaw A ; McMillan 2008 ) . Multiple Sclerosis ( MS ) is a chronic status that affects the cardinal nervous system ( CNS ) . The medulla covering the nervousnesss of the CNS is damaged doing the tissues to be attacked by the immune system, in belief that a foreign organic structure has invaded the country involved ( MS Society 2010 ) . The consequence of the harm of the tissues is recognised through slower reactions from the signals of the encephalon to the organic structure, which can ensue in jobs with motion, address, weariness, vision, co-ordination to call but a few ( Burgess 2010 ) . There are three more common types of diagnosed MS which are, Get worsing Remitting, Secondary Progressive and Primary Progressive. On first diagnosing of MS it may be hard to lucubrate what type of MS the person is diagnosed with due to changing clip in backslidings from individual to individual ( Ms Trust 2010 ) . Get worsing remitting MS is more common in footings of diagnosing with over two tierces of those diagnosed with MS being categorised under this type ( Leary et al 2005 ) . With get worsing remitting MS an person may see backslidings in the part of one or two per twelvemonth. Full recovery periods in between onslaughts may be noticeable, although single ‘s symptoms may deteriorate due to the badness of the backsliding. Secondary imperfect is associated with less frequent backsliding but disablement with MS additions. Over half of those diagnosed with backsliding remitting ab initio, will be diagnosed with secondary imperfect within 10 old ages of initial diagnosing ( Leary et al 2005 ) Primary imperfect can be unfortunate with those diagnosed, unlike backsliding remitting and secondary imperfect there is no remittal periods, around 10 per centum of those diagnosed with this type of MS experience symptoms from the oncoming ( MS Society 2010 ) In 2008 MS statistics showed that over 85,000 of the population in the United Kingdom where diagnosed with MS, ( MS Trust 2008 ) . On the 10 April of this twelvemonth the MS trust ( 2010 ) republished figures demoing that figures have increased to 100,000, about 20 % addition within 2 old ages. Diagnosis age is normally between 20 and 40 and adult females are more likely campaigners to be diagnosed, there is no account for this, nevertheless the statistics are greater in Scotland, this is said to be due to the environment but research into this is ongoing ( MS Trust 2008 ) . In 2005 a survey was carried out by Forbes et Al ( 2006 ) . This survey evaluated the programme of the nurse specializer function, and aimed to place if the MS specializer function improved attention provided. The paper concludes that the specializer nurse continuance to care was evidentiary. There was argument over betterments with jobs with disease, and the betterment in quality of life with MS due to the specializer nurse. This may hold been true in footings of jobs with disease prior to 1993 when there was no available interventions, symptoms may hold been managed with steroids ( Shaw A ; McMillan 2008 ) . Although Forbes et Al ( 2006 ) supports the function of the MS nurse specializer and the benefits to those who have MS to hold a nurse who is dedicated in this field, Forbes et Al ( 2006 ) believed that the Nurse specializer function in Ms may profit to be more research based. This is disagreed with Embrey and Lowndes ( 2007 ) who shows grounds of the many roles the nurse spec ializer dramas, including the nurse led clinics provided by the nurse specializers who aid with symptom control provides information and support for those who are freshly diagnosed or get downing interventions such as disease modifying therapy. Care needs for MS patient ‘s can be differential from patient to patient, this depends non merely how long diagnosing has been, but how persons deal with the diagnosing. The persons apprehension of the status and how their lives may be affected professionally and personally at different phases of there lives ( Malcomson et al 2008 ) . The nurse specializer can be a anchor for these patients understanding single attention demands, supplying information on how to cover with state of affairss that occur and supplying other signifiers of information and support services if and when required ( Burgess 2010 ) . Over the old ages intervention for MS has developed leting persons to pull off the status more successfully. The nurse specializer plays a large portion in reding, and back uping the person ‘s pick on chosen intervention if required ( Burgess 2010 ) . For get worsing remitting MS and those who have had two or more onslaughts over the twelvemonth Disease Modifying Therapy ( DMT ) may be a pick of intervention ( Shaw A ; McMillan 2008 ) . However harmony with DMT can be an issue and the manner the nurse specializer uses her cognition and expertness may play a portion in the patients go oning the planned intervention programme ( Shaw A ; McMillan 2008 ) . A survey by Shaw A ; McMillan ( 2008 ) evaluated harmony with MS prescribed medicines ; grounds showed that 20 five per centum ne’er followed the planned government when on DMT intervention. This may hold been for assorted grounds including timing of injection, side effects or injection techniques. The biggest ground may be that an apprehension that DMT does non work from oncoming. The intervention takes clip to work patients must be made cognizant of the procedures involved in DMT. This can be clip devouring for the Ms nurse specializer but in their dedicated function nurse will to the full measure whether the single patient is able to understand that benefits out manner the backslidings and the progressive disablement that MS may hold ( Gutteridge 2006 ) . How to cite Role Of Multiple Sclerosis Nurse Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Income Statement

Question: Opening a shop with the name of mady vegetarian food. Need to work on the finance and critical risk Financial Demonstrate the viability of the undertaking Pro forma balance sheet, income statement, cashflow statement and break-even chart : Operations. Location( Brunswick Melbourne Australia Vic), labour availability, wage rate, proximity to suppliers, customers and community support, taxes and zoning, plant and equipment Answer: In arriving at a conclusion about the viability of the new business, we have made certain assumptions while drawing up the income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement and the break-even analysis of the business. We will explain the same under separate headings. All the figures in the analysis are assumed. Income Statement The following assumptions were made: This is the first year of business and the revenue from sales is not much The wage rate in Melbourne, Victoria is $16 per hour as of 2016 ("Melbourne, Victoria City Wages - City of Melbourne Average Hourly Rate - PayScale", 2016) The business does not have any long-term or short-term interest payment obligations It operates where tax is not applicable Cash Flow Following are the assumptions involved: There is no revenue from operations The entire revenue is dependent on cash sales There are no long-term borrowings Absence of tax except a GST payment of $5000 Current assets purchased worth $10000 Balance Sheet The following items were assumed while making the balance sheet: There is no inventory at the end of the year A long term asset was purchased Absence of depreciation Other figures of liabilities are assumed Break Even Analysis Following are the assumptions: The selling price per unit is assumed along with the average cost per unit ("Minimum wages - Fair Work Ombudsman", 2016) Analysis The figures taken in the entire calculation are assumed. Other assumptions made are stipulated above and it can be seen from those figures that the business makes a profit in its first year. Interest on long-term liabilities is absent and depreciation is not charged for the long-term asset purchased ("Evaluating Product Viability", 2016). The business operates in an environment where there is no tax on its income. On the other hand, it has a GST expenditure of $5000 during the year. The prospects are looking good from the financial statements, as it has not incurred any loss during the year depending on the assumed environment of performance. Its operating profits are considerable. The liquidity position of the business is moderate and there is a moderate amount in the form of cash in hand (Taylor, 2016). The business is yet to acquire any long-term asset. Therefore, it can be concluded that the business is viable at the present point of time. References Evaluating Product Viability. (2016).Shopify. Retrieved 4 June 2016, from https://www.shopify.com.au/guides/what-to-sell/evaluating-product-viability Melbourne, Victoria City Wages - City of Melbourne Average Hourly Rate - PayScale. (2016).Payscale.com. Retrieved 4 June 2016, from https://www.payscale.com/research/AU/Location=Melbourne-Victoria/Hourly_Rate Minimum wages - Fair Work Ombudsman. (2016).Fairwork.gov.au. Retrieved 4 June 2016, from https://www.fairwork.gov.au/pay/minimum-wages Taylor, K. (2016).Kroger and Whole Foods might be investing billions into a losing game.Business Insider Australia. Retrieved 4 June 2016, from https://www.businessinsider.com.au/is-online-grocery-actually-the-future-2016-3